Confidence intervals, taking into account the uncertainty inherent in the use of sample data, provide a range of plausible values for unknown (population) quantities such as partial effects. We may, for example, be interested in the effect of experience on wages, holding other factors such as education constant…
No-interest loans (NILs) were introduced in 1995 in France to promote access to home ownership for first-time home buyers and to stimulate construction. To be eligible for these loans, households must meet income conditions that depend on family structure and location. Nevertheless, NIL is not well targeted since many households are eligible…
Own-account workers — those who have neither a firm to report to, nor an employee to coordinate with — constitute about 40% of all working individuals in low or middle income countries, a share that is five times larger than the average for high income countries. Moreover, own-account workers often earn less than employees, even when only looking at urban areas…
Skill shortages are a growing concern in the context of rapid technological change. They are generated by the economy’s increasing need for the technical competencies complementary to new technologies, which outweighs the quantity available in the labor market. In recent years, several Western countries have recurred to policies encouraging high-skill migration as a solution against them…
In an open economy and in the absence of tax cooperation, the ability of governments to redistribute can be reduced by the threat of emigration of their richest taxpayers. Most top income reforms are thus usually followed by fierce debates on the expected emigration of top earners, particularly in Europe, where institutional barriers to internal migration are low while top tax rates remain very heterogeneous…
With each subsequent migration wave in developed countries, the question of foreigners’ integration increasingly gains importance. It is known that the immigrant population largely suffers from high unemployment rates, poor economic situations, and face discrimination. This is problematic for migrants themselves and can, in addition, lead to hostility and foster anti-immigrant feelings among the native population…